Bolingbroke, the Englishman, was a pioneer in the expounding of a formal doctrine of nationalism. It was natural, therefore, that any Englishman who would enter the lists against Jacobinism should be arrayed in trappings of nationalism. So writes Hayes on page 86 of Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism . Similar testimony of English precedence in national unity comes from a sixteenth century Venetian ambassador: In 1557 the Venetian ambassador Giovanni Micheli wrote to his government: ‘In so far as religion [in England] is concerned, the example and authority of the sovereign are all-important. The English esteem and practise their religion only in so far as thereby they fulfil their duty as